Conclusion
AKI is multifactorial in nature. The RIFLE classification and the Acute Kidney Injury Network Diagnostic Criteria are two
internationally recognized systems for classifying AKI, which should help the multidisciplinary team to manage the care of
a patient with this critical disorder. There are three causes of AKI which are categorized into pre renal, intra renal or intrinsic, and post renal failure. It is important to recognize that not all AKI is reversible. The prognosis of pre
renal and post renal failure is comparatively good if the precipitating injury is corrected. Intrinis or intra renal causes of AKI have a poorer diagnosis with the mortality being 38% among hospitalized patients, and 79% among patients in the intensive care unit. The modality figures advance with age, co-morbidities, sepsis, oliguria and multiorgan people with pre-existing renal disease, post surgical patients (especially cardiovascular), post-trauma patients who suffered major
blood loss and muscle damage, those who have been exposed to nephrotoxic insults such as nephrotoxic medications, and patients with multiple organ dysfunction (Biel et al, 2008). The nurse must provide holistic care when managing the patient with AKI, continually monitoring the patient’s progress, correcting fluid and electrolytes, treating systemic effects
of uraemia, maintaining optimal nutrition, and preventing infection, along with the constant provision of information and support to the patient and family members. This care is challenging and requires the provision of ongoing education for nurses and continual collaboration with the multidisciplinary team to effectively mange the patient presenting with AKI.
failur Prevention of AKI is paramount. It can occur in both hospital and community settings, and nurses should be vigilant and able to identify individuals who are at greater risk of developing AKI. At-risk groups include older people, those with multiple co-morbidities,