Patients who were not in strict DOTS programs and did not adhere to first-line TB treatment and patients
who experienced side effects during first-line treatment and Category II retreatment were at significantly increased risk
of developing MDR-TB. The DOTS program should, therefore, be strengthened to increase patient adherence. Drugsusceptibility
testing is also highly recommended for all Category I treatment regimen failures before those patients
begin the Category II regimen.