Urban air pollution exposure is associated with increased respiratory
health effects (Brugha and Grigg, 2014). Traffic-related air
pollution specifically has been linked to adverse respiratory health
outcomes, and living near major roadways is associated with
increased respiratory illness (Kim et al., 2004; Urman et al., 2014).
The city of Windsor, Ontario, is located on the USA-Canada
border with the Ambassador Bridge linking the cities of Detroit
and Windsor. It is the busiest international crossing between the
two countries, and residents are affected by trans-boundary air
quality issues due to the high density of traffic crossing from large