With respect to the NSRL hazard quotients for cancer related health effects, 4 of the 9 chemicals
analyzed exceeded 1.0 for the direct exposure to users; lead (1.33), formaldehyde (1.64), NNK
(2.36), and cadmium (5.13). For the indirect exposure to non-users, the NSRL hazard quotients
were all less than 1.0, with the highest, cadmium (0.12).
With respect to the CREL hazard quotients for non-cancer related health effects, 3 of the 9
chemicals analyzed exceeded 1.0 for the direct exposure to users; acrolein (7.0), nicotine (222)
and propylene glycol (967). For the indirect exposure to non-users, the CREL hazard quotients
also exceeded 1.0 for nicotine (5.4) and propylene glycol (23).