A different type of privacy concern is the fear of intrusive advertising or
marketing strategies. This is a breach of contextual integrity (Nissenbaum 2009)
because information provided in one context is being reused in another. This is
relevant to the web in general (Zimmer 2008) but particularly for SNSs: the
combination of detailed personal information controlled by the company owning
each site and a mass audience with which to perfect marketing strategies makes
behavioral marketing particularly powerful. The consequent risk to privacy seems
to be widely recognized, for instance, leading to the closing down of Facebook
Beacon in September 2009, although it does not seem to have a natural gender
dimension. Nevertheless, a study of US Facebook users found that women were
more concerned about behavioral advertising (e.g., objecting more strongly to
targeted advertising based upon their personal profile information) (Hoy and
Milne 2010) and this aligns with US female students being more concerned than
US male students with government or commercial access to their SNS information
(Tufekci 2008a).