The success rate of culture in this study was 45.2% (19/42 samples), being 43.8% for nails (14/32) and 50.0% for skin (5/10). Such results are typical at our laboratory. Sato et al. [9] also reported a low success rate for culture of fungi from clinical specimens (34%). PCR can detect all pathogenic fungi, whether viable or not, and is more sensitive than culture methods. Also, our PCR detection system can specifically identify T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes human type after only a few hours. There are some discrepancies of the results of species identification between culture and the PCR system. As reported by Ebihara et al. [17], coinfection by T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes human-type, or other fungi, that are not rare in nail samples. If multi-fungi contained in a specimen, it is possible to detect one of them by chance. One possible reason is the sensitivity of T. rubrum probe is slightly low than T. mentagrophytes probe as shown in Table 3, however, we need to have father evaluations to clear the clinical state and the pathogens.