Water, engine oil, and ethylene glycol are common
working fluids in various engineering processes and
mechanical equipment, such as cooling or heating
applications, power generation, chemical processes, microelectronics,
and a wide variety of heat exchange devices.
Nevertheless, because of the comparatively low thermal
conductivity of these heat transfer fluids, they cannot attain
high rates of heat transfer in thermal applications
(Daungthongsuk and Wongwises, 2007). By developing
heat transfer fluids with improved heat transfer properties,
mechanical equipment having higher compactness and
efficiency can be designed with the consequent savings in
capital and operating costs