Janis (1950) collected personal memories, from childhood to the present, from 30 people, 19 of whom then received ECT. Four weeks after ECT all 19 suffered “profound, extensive recall failures” that “occurred so infrequently among the 11 patients in the control group as to be almost negligible.” Most were for the six months prior to ECT, but in some cases the loss was for events more than 10 years ago.