Subsequently, the mixture was heated to 65 C under reduced pressure for 15 min, cooled in a separating funnel at roomtemperature to facilitate decantation, and filtered. The neutralized oil (NO) was washed with deionized water (20 wt%), and the water was separated from the oil with the help of a separating funnel. For the degumming process, the oil was heated in a water bath at 70C,boiling water (20 vol%) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. After cooling the mixture, the degummed oil(DO) was recovered by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 min(Harrier 18/80, Greenwich, CT, USA). Trace moisture was removed with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the oil filtered under vacuumwith Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The bleaching was performed by adding 3 wt% activated carbon and heating to 110 C for 10 min.The charcoal and the bleached oil (BO) were separated by vacuum filtration on a 0.45 lm membrane.