Clostridium perfringens type A and C can cause necrotic
enteritis (NE) and cholangiohepatitis in many avian species
(Wages and Opengart, 2003; Crespo et al., 2007). Suffering
from NE, birds can have diarrhea, ruffle feathers, and even die
(Mitsch et al., 2004). Increasing numbers of C. perfringens in
the gut of broilers may lead to lower growth rate and feed
efficiency (Kaldhusdal and Hofshagen, 1992).
Because of the ban on the antibiotics, which have been
used as the primary measure to control NE in poultry
production, it is urgent to search for new alternatives.
Scientists claimed that phytogenic feed additive (PFA)
containing essential oils or spices has distinct biological