Recent findings of a Swedish study (Agren et al. 2010) also indicate a non-significant association between CHF-knowledge and caregiver burden. An explanation of the contradictory findings regarding disease-relate knowledge and anxiety and depression may be viewed in light of the finding concerning associations between sense of control (Dracup et al. 2004, Molloy et al. 2008, Garlo et al. 2010) and psychological well-being in caregivers and family members. Accordingly to these studies, sense of control is an important determinant for psychological well-being. It may be discussed that disease-related knowledge is beneficial for the psychological well-being of the family member if it can be translated into an enhanced sense of control. However, as we did not assess these variables in our study, further examination of this assumption is not possible at present.