3.4.2 Underground water flow through PVDs
There were some experts pinpointing that water in the sand blanket may have been attributed from underground water through PVDs. For the water to flow from the ground, the water pressure in the ground would have to be higher than the hydrostatic pressure. Two (2) possible cases of water from the ground can happen, either through the consolidation of clay and from pressure build-up in other loaded areas, such as nearby ground improvement. By checking the settlement rate in the pavement zone and piezometric pressure in the unloaded areas, it is possible to explain the possibility of water flow through the PVDs.