With the test rig (Fig. 1), experiments are conducted on a two cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, air cooled, direct injection diesel engine (Deutz F2L 511) with 1650 cm [3] total displacement.
Waste cooking oil is used after proceeding through transesterification (to decrease viscosity and improve cetane number).
Blending with diesel is tested up to B100. Torque, brake power, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC and NOx emissions are all characterized with speed (varying from 800 to 1700 rpm) and load (covering the range from 0 to 100%).
The torque is measured via a hydrokinetic dynamometer while the speed is indicated by an electromagnetic tachometer.
Data is recorded after reaching a steady state as indicated by the exhaust gas, lubricating oil and cooling air temperatures utilizing K-type thermocouples.
The fuel consumption is measured with burettes (50 and 100 ml volumes) and a stopwatch, with a mechanical actuator controlling the throttle position.
While an extra tank stores biodiesel, a switching arrangement provides the change from pure diesel to biodiesel blends during engine running.
The dynamometer load is measured via a strain gauge sensor.
A sound level meter (of a frequency range from 8 to 31 kHz) is incorporated to measure the sound level (dB) in the engine room, where a 1/2 inch electret condenser microphone is placed nearly 1.0 m from the engine.