• The use of meta-language to talk about language and language forms.
• Training of learners to become better, more conscious participants in their own learning. They do the work.
• A balance of inductive and deductive techniques to focus on specific aspects of language.
• Focus on appropriateness of language used, both situational and cultural.
• And, the use of comprehensible input, in the form of materials from authentic sources, from the local environment, and from the Internet, for example.