Autonomy refers to the organisation’s capacity to act upon the surrounding world. This includes both the impact that the organisation’s action is capable of having, and the values which inform this action. To be healthy, an organisation must both be capable of acting decisively to achieve its goals, and also have the integrity to ensure that these actions are appropriate to the environment in which it lives. A key dimension of autonomy is “courage” (Quick et al. 2007) in the sense of a willingness to take calculated risks (or bets, as described byDe Smet et al. 2006). However, this is not the only component of autonomy; structural factors are also important. Autonomy is supported by strategic depth in the organisation’s core competencies, and by an organisational culture which empowers individuals. Thus, an organisation with a high degree of autonomy is one which is able to pro-actively transform its environment and create an impact which is consonant with its core values.