Each group comprised an equal number of female and male participants. The
participants were not a random sample. Rather, a purposive sample of professional
people whose work involves the use of advanced ICTs was obtained. In the first three
studies, the AR instructions were viewed via a 19-inch computer monitor, while the VR
instructions were printed out and viewed via six separate pieces of paper which were
held in a lever arch file. In the final two studies, both AR instructions and VR
instructions were viewed via a 14-inch laptop screen. The studies were not fully
defined at the outset. Rather, studies evolved based on observations of the preceeding
studies. Observations enabled deeper analyses of the assembly task, and of the
information and communication design for the application of the ICTs. These analyses
prompted revision of instructions for each following study. Further information about
each of the studies is provided in next five sub-sections.