The main aim of this paper was to show important ecological tasks in the control systems of the small-scale biomass boilers. There is generally not much to improve in construction of the combustion chambers of the boilers,
because there has been strong development during last years towards emissions. But there is still lot to improve in the control systems. In the paper has been proposed solution of changing current relatively simple control systems by advanced continuous controller, with the aim not to increase cost of the boiler significantly. For this purpose, the experimental boiler has been equipped by additional instrumentation with extended functions, which can be later incorporated into commercially available units for the small biomass boilers, keeping all the advanced functions that have been developed. There has been shown optimized solution for grate sweeping that originally caused increased peaks in CO and hydrocarbons emissions that need to be reduced to fulfill requirements for ecological operation of the boiler. Use of the advanced control allows modification of travel distance of the grate moving mechanism and therefore sweeping the grate without causing serious disturbances in the process. The other control task for the ecological operation of the boiler is detection of possible malfunction of the lambda- probe, which is essential for sustaining operation of the boiler at low emissions and high efficiency. The situation has been shown on two-loop control algorithm that has been created for the biomass boiler. On the step changes of combustion airflow has been shown reaction of the CO emissions of the boiler. Based on this, there has been shown on one step change of the lambda-probe property reaction of the temperature and oxygen control loops, causing the process to be out of optimal working range of the excess air ratio. Based on this process identification, there has been proposed solution of malfunction detection based on comparison of response of the developed model of the sensor and response of the real lambda-probe. The future work in this field will be focused on further improvement in optimization of the continuous control and implementation of the proposed model of the behavior of the lambda-probe into the control algorithms.
จุดประสงค์หลักของเอกสารนี้คือการ แสดงงานระบบนิเวศที่สำคัญในระบบควบคุมของหม้อไอน้ำชีวมวลระบุ การคิดไม่มากที่จะปรับปรุงในการก่อสร้างของห้องเผาไหม้ของหม้อไอน้ำ because there has been strong development during last years towards emissions. But there is still lot to improve in the control systems. In the paper has been proposed solution of changing current relatively simple control systems by advanced continuous controller, with the aim not to increase cost of the boiler significantly. For this purpose, the experimental boiler has been equipped by additional instrumentation with extended functions, which can be later incorporated into commercially available units for the small biomass boilers, keeping all the advanced functions that have been developed. There has been shown optimized solution for grate sweeping that originally caused increased peaks in CO and hydrocarbons emissions that need to be reduced to fulfill requirements for ecological operation of the boiler. Use of the advanced control allows modification of travel distance of the grate moving mechanism and therefore sweeping the grate without causing serious disturbances in the process. The other control task for the ecological operation of the boiler is detection of possible malfunction of the lambda- probe, which is essential for sustaining operation of the boiler at low emissions and high efficiency. The situation has been shown on two-loop control algorithm that has been created for the biomass boiler. On the step changes of combustion airflow has been shown reaction of the CO emissions of the boiler. Based on this, there has been shown on one step change of the lambda-probe property reaction of the temperature and oxygen control loops, causing the process to be out of optimal working range of the excess air ratio. Based on this process identification, there has been proposed solution of malfunction detection based on comparison of response of the developed model of the sensor and response of the real lambda-probe. The future work in this field will be focused on further improvement in optimization of the continuous control and implementation of the proposed model of the behavior of the lambda-probe into the control algorithms.
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