We do not have data from these women on smoking or obesity, factors that have also been associated with both preeclampsia and chronic renal disease.32-34 It is possible that a higher body weight among women with preeclampsia accounts in part for their observed increased risk of ESRD.32,34,35 Since smoking is associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia26 but an increased risk of renal disease,33 it would not explain the increased relative risks we observed.