Applying Barney’s (1986) principle to the product market, a firm can gain competitive advantage through a more accurate estimation of the opportunity or through its good fortune resulting from the incorrect estimation by its competitors. Logically, it is rare for either of these two extreme situations to occur, as a firm rarely has a perfect estimation of the future value of its strategy, nor can a firm depend solely on its luck, hoping for the downfall of its competitors to gain above-average returns. However, both elements have co-existed and have had a role in explaining the superior performance of a firm, as the coincidental occurrence of these two situations may perhaps be the explanation for a firm’s competitive advantage and success.