Abstract
The risk of malnutrition increases with ageing, resulting in poorer health and higher risk of disease. Eating
difficulties are important risk factors for malnutrition. Moreover, independence in relation to food and meals is
highly rated by the elderly and has been associated with health and well-being. The purpose of this literature
overview was to provide insights into nutritional status, food choice and preferences as well as the meal
situations of home-living elderly (65+) people with motoric eating difficulties focusing on Scandinavia. The
overall aim is to support independence and to prevent malnutrition. Nutritional status in the elderly was found to
be negatively influenced by motoric eating difficulties including problems with manipulating food on the plate
and transporting food to the mouth. Motoric eating difficulties may result in practical simplifications such as use
of pre-prepared meals, less advanced cooking, and omission of certain meal constituents in order to avoid e.g.
mismanagement and spillage. Eating difficulties are often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame. Choosing
smaller portions, reducing the number of eating episodes and not cooking independently have been associated
with a higher risk of malnutrition. The nutritional effects of eating difficulties may be exacerbated by diminished
chemosensory functions. Furthermore, both past and present food preferences should be considered in order to
meet nutritional needs and meal satisfaction. Development of refined and socially accepted eating aids, in
combination with tasty and nutritious products, is important in order to promote healthy and independent living
among home-living elderly with motoric eating difficulties.
Keywords: eating difficulties, elderly, food choice, malnutrition, meal situation, nutritional status
1. Introduction