Isan (Isan/Thai: ภาคอีสาน [pʰâːk.ʔiːsǎːn] ( ); also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issan, or Esarn; from Pali īsān or Sanskrit īśān "Northeast") [1] is the northeastern region of Thailand. Isan is Thailand's largest region, located on the Khorat Plateau, bordered by the Mekong River (along the border with Laos) to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima. To the west it is separated from Northern and Central Thailand by the Phetchabun mountain range.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, northeastern Thailand has been generally known as Isan,a term adopted from Sanskrit Ishan,meaning in a “north east direction”, while in official contexts the term phak tawan-ok-chiang-nuea (ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ; "Northeastern region") may be used. The term "Isan" was derived from Isanapura,the capital of the Chenla kingdom. The Lao-speaking population of the region, who comprise the majority, distinguish themselves not only from the Lao of Laos but also from the central Thai by calling themselves Khon Isan or Thai Isan in general. However, some refer to themselves as simply Lao,and academics have recently been referring to them as Lao Isan [2] or as Thai Lao,with the main issue with self-identification as Lao being stigma associated with the Lao identity within Thai society. [3] The Khmer-speaking minority and Kuy (Suai), who live in the south of Isan, speak dialects and follow customs more similar to those of Cambodia than either the Thai people or the Lao people. [4]
Isan has been transformed from one of the poorest region into Thailand's fastest growing economies. The Industry Ministry has supported industrial zones in Khon Kaen and Udon Thani. [5] private sector's plans to invest in setting up industrial estates in provinces has shown major progress. [6]
The main language is Isan,which is a dialect of the Lao language. Currently written with the Thai alphabet (instead of the slightly different Lao alphabet), Isan belongs to the Chiang Saeng and Lao–Phutai language groups, which along with Thai are members of the Tai languages of the Tai–Kadai language family. Thai is also spoken by almost everyone and is the language used in education. Khmer,the language of Cambodia, is widely spoken in areas along the Cambodian border: Buriram, Surin,and Sisaket. The Lao Isan people are aware of their Lao ethnic origin, but Isan has been incorporated as a territory into the modern Thai state through over one hundred years of administrative and bureaucratic reforms, education policy and government media. Despite this, since the election of Thaksin Shinawatra as Prime Minister in the January 2001 elections,the Lao Isan identity has re-emerged, and the Lao Isan are now the main ethnolinguistic group involved in the pro-Thaksin Red Shirt movement. [7]
Several Thai prime ministers have come from the region.
Prominent aspects of Isan culture include mor lam (Thai: หมอลำ), an indigenous type of folk music, Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย) boxing, cock fighting,and celebratory processions (Thai: กระบวน). Isan food, in which sticky rice (Thai: ข้าวเหนียว,khao niao) and chili peppers are prominent, is distinct from Central Thai cuisine, though it is now found throughout the kingdom. Sticky rice is a staple of Thai Northeastern cuisine,and it accompanies most meals.
Isan (Isan/Thai: ภาคอีสาน [pʰâːk.ʔiːsǎːn] ( ); also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issan, or Esarn; from Pali īsān or Sanskrit īśān "Northeast") [1] is the northeastern region of Thailand. Isan is Thailand's largest region, located on the Khorat Plateau, bordered by the Mekong River (along the border with Laos) to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima. To the west it is separated from Northern and Central Thailand by the Phetchabun mountain range.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, northeastern Thailand has been generally known as Isan,a term adopted from Sanskrit Ishan,meaning in a “north east direction”, while in official contexts the term phak tawan-ok-chiang-nuea (ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ; "Northeastern region") may be used. The term "Isan" was derived from Isanapura,the capital of the Chenla kingdom. The Lao-speaking population of the region, who comprise the majority, distinguish themselves not only from the Lao of Laos but also from the central Thai by calling themselves Khon Isan or Thai Isan in general. However, some refer to themselves as simply Lao,and academics have recently been referring to them as Lao Isan [2] or as Thai Lao,with the main issue with self-identification as Lao being stigma associated with the Lao identity within Thai society. [3] The Khmer-speaking minority and Kuy (Suai), who live in the south of Isan, speak dialects and follow customs more similar to those of Cambodia than either the Thai people or the Lao people. [4]
Isan has been transformed from one of the poorest region into Thailand's fastest growing economies. The Industry Ministry has supported industrial zones in Khon Kaen and Udon Thani. [5] private sector's plans to invest in setting up industrial estates in provinces has shown major progress. [6]
The main language is Isan,which is a dialect of the Lao language. Currently written with the Thai alphabet (instead of the slightly different Lao alphabet), Isan belongs to the Chiang Saeng and Lao–Phutai language groups, which along with Thai are members of the Tai languages of the Tai–Kadai language family. Thai is also spoken by almost everyone and is the language used in education. Khmer,the language of Cambodia, is widely spoken in areas along the Cambodian border: Buriram, Surin,and Sisaket. The Lao Isan people are aware of their Lao ethnic origin, but Isan has been incorporated as a territory into the modern Thai state through over one hundred years of administrative and bureaucratic reforms, education policy and government media. Despite this, since the election of Thaksin Shinawatra as Prime Minister in the January 2001 elections,the Lao Isan identity has re-emerged, and the Lao Isan are now the main ethnolinguistic group involved in the pro-Thaksin Red Shirt movement. [7]
Several Thai prime ministers have come from the region.
Prominent aspects of Isan culture include mor lam (Thai: หมอลำ), an indigenous type of folk music, Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย) boxing, cock fighting,and celebratory processions (Thai: กระบวน). Isan food, in which sticky rice (Thai: ข้าวเหนียว,khao niao) and chili peppers are prominent, is distinct from Central Thai cuisine, though it is now found throughout the kingdom. Sticky rice is a staple of Thai Northeastern cuisine,and it accompanies most meals.
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