Milk and dairy product composition 41
Abstract 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Milk composition 43
3.2.1 The role of milk as a source of macronutrients 43
3.2.2 Composition of milks consumed by humans 44
3.2.3 Factors affecting milk composition 59
3.2.4 Nutritional value of milk from various species 60
3.3 Treated liquid milks and dairy products 64
3.3.1 Milk classifications 66
3.3.2 Heat treatments and microbiocidal measures 70
3.3.3 Fermented milk products 74
3.3.4 Cheese 78
3.3.5 Butter and ghee 84
3.3.6 Cream 85
3.3.7 Whey products 86
3.3.8 Casein 88
3.3.9 Milk products from milk from underutilized species 88
3.4 Key messages 89
3.5 Issues and challenges