We value a firm that pays its cash flows to equity through share repurchases in a dynamic
environment where personal taxes are paidon capital gains upon realization. The cost of
capital is reduced by approximately 0.8% through the use of repurchases relative to dividends.
We use the empirical distribution of pre-tax free cash flows in Fama and French (1999) to
evaluate the tradeoffs between the costs of financial distress, the personal-tax advantages of
equity, and the corporate-tax advantage to debt. The optimal capital structure is interior with
a 3% bankruptcy cost