and mitogen-activated protein kinase(23). DGLA lowers
TNF-a and IL-10 levels in isolated human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells(24).
Stabilizing effects and improvements of cellular membranes
may be responsible for changes of macroscopic skin properties
related to water homeostasis. Again, with both supplements
skin hydration was increased after 12 weeks of intervention,
whereas TEWL was lower than control. Improvement of
skin moisture and TEWL as well as firmness, indications for
an improved barrier function, have been described after the
intake of GLA-rich primrose and borage oil(25). Skin hydration
slightly increased in the placebo group. However, this was not
accompanied by a decrease in TEWL. External factors maybe
responsible for this minor effect