This review is based on the confluence of the two lines of inquiry discussed above. The key question asked is whether DA is impli-cated not only in WM generally, but also in the ability to benefit from training procedures that seek to improve WM performance.The starting point is a study by Dahlin et al. (2008a,b). In this study,younger and older adults were trained for five weeks (three sessions per week comprising 45–60 min each) in updating information in WM. The criterion was a letter-memory task devised by Miyake et al. (2000). In addition to letters, the training program included updating of colors, numbers, and spatial positions in WM as well as a keep-track task.