An earlier analysis of EC ‘anti-dumping’ policy is
Messerlin (1989) who relates the ‘lobbying power’ of EC applicants to the
size of their coalition and their market share and documents the cartelizing
effect on foreign exporters. Schuknecht and Stephan (1992) even suggest that
the EC anti-dumping arsenal may encourage dumping by foreign exporters
because the latter regard EC price undertakings as the cheapest way of
cartelizing their exports to the Community. EC and US ‘anti-dumping’
procedures are compared by Schuknecht and Ursprung (1990); they argue
that EC ‘anti-dumping’ policy, being more specific and politicized, is likely to
be more protectionist.