3 Results and discussion
3.1 Morphology
The SEM micrographs in Fig. 1a show that the TPS without
residual starch, had a clear surface and this indicated that the
heat used during the processing melted the starch. Figure 2b
shows the morphology of the treated bagassefiber that had an
average treatedfiber length of 24.304.4 mm. The width of
the treated bagasse fiber was 4.21.3 mm. The SEM
micrographs of the TPS/treated bagassefiber composite with
15 wt% treated bagassefiber at low and high magnification are
presented in Fig. 1c and d, respectively. The treated bagasse
fibers have been embedded in the TPS matrix and have
produced a dense surface with no gaps between thefibers and
the TPS matrix. Two phenomena can help to explain this
result. The first phenomenon is attributed to the rougher
surface of the treated bagasse fiber. The surfaces of the
bagassedfiber before and after immersion in 1% NaOH are
different (Fig. 2). After immersion in 1% NaOH, the smooth
surface of bagasse fiber (untreated bagassefiber) (Fig. 2a)
changed to a rough surface (treated bagassefiber) (Fig. 2b).
Therefore, the rough surface of the treated bagassedfiber
induced an increase in the surface area to react with the TPS
matrix [18]. The second phenomenon is related to the fact that
the starch and thefiber have similar structures that makes it
easy for them to form hydrogen bonds between them [13, 19].
This result is consistent with thefindings of Kaewtatip and
Thongmee [13] in which they presented an infrared (IR)
spectrum, which confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds
between the fiber and the TPS matrix. Therefore, both
phenomena result in a strong adhesion between the treated
bagassefiber and the matrix. These results were similar to the
SEM micrographs of rice starch/cottonfiber composites [9],
cassava starch/luffa fiber composites [13] and crosslinked
starch/sisalfiber composites [19]
3 Results and discussion
3.1 Morphology
The SEM micrographs in Fig. 1a show that the TPS without
residual starch, had a clear surface and this indicated that the
heat used during the processing melted the starch. Figure 2b
shows the morphology of the treated bagassefiber that had an
average treatedfiber length of 24.304.4 mm. The width of
the treated bagasse fiber was 4.21.3 mm. The SEM
micrographs of the TPS/treated bagassefiber composite with
15 wt% treated bagassefiber at low and high magnification are
presented in Fig. 1c and d, respectively. The treated bagasse
fibers have been embedded in the TPS matrix and have
produced a dense surface with no gaps between thefibers and
the TPS matrix. Two phenomena can help to explain this
result. The first phenomenon is attributed to the rougher
surface of the treated bagasse fiber. The surfaces of the
bagassedfiber before and after immersion in 1% NaOH are
different (Fig. 2). After immersion in 1% NaOH, the smooth
surface of bagasse fiber (untreated bagassefiber) (Fig. 2a)
changed to a rough surface (treated bagassefiber) (Fig. 2b).
Therefore, the rough surface of the treated bagassedfiber
induced an increase in the surface area to react with the TPS
matrix [18]. The second phenomenon is related to the fact that
the starch and thefiber have similar structures that makes it
easy for them to form hydrogen bonds between them [13, 19].
This result is consistent with thefindings of Kaewtatip and
Thongmee [13] in which they presented an infrared (IR)
spectrum, which confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds
between the fiber and the TPS matrix. Therefore, both
phenomena result in a strong adhesion between the treated
bagassefiber and the matrix. These results were similar to the
SEM micrographs of rice starch/cottonfiber composites [9],
cassava starch/luffa fiber composites [13] and crosslinked
starch/sisalfiber composites [19]
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