involves consumer interactions with the service firm.
In this stage, consumers co-create experiences and value, and co-produce a service while
evaluating the service experience.
Nowadays, customers are empowered and engaged in the service delivery
process. Consumer engagement has recently attracted research attention in the branding
and services literature (Brodie et al. 2011). Consumer engagement been considered the
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emotional tie that binds the consumer to the service provider (Goldsmith 2011) and can
be used as a proxy for the strength of a firm’s consumer relationships based on both
emotional and rational bonds consumers have developed with a brand