Elton Mayo (1880-1949) was a Harvard professor who proposed that managers should become more “people-orientated” (Smit & Cronjé, 2002, p43). Conducting experiments on conditions in the workplace and incorporating the well-published findings of the Hawthorne Studies, Mayo declared that “logical factors were far less important than emotional factors in determining productive efficiency” (George, 1968, p129). He concluded that participation in social groups and “group pressure”, as opposed to organizational structures or demands from management, had the strongest impact on worker productivity (Smit & Cronjé, 2002, p43).