Nursing stress
As discussed previously, one of the most commonly
used instruments in measuring the frequency of nursing
role stress is the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS; Gray-
Toft & Anderson 1981). The NSS inventory comprises
34 stressful situations relevant to hospital nursing.
Respondents were requested to report on a 4-point
Likert scale, ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very
frequently). Seven subscales were used in the path
analysis (sample factors include death and dying, conflict
with physicians, lack of support, etc.), with internal
reliability coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.87.
These were used to form a reflective construct
(composite reliability coefficient = 0.94).