TB incidence
TB incidence has never been measured at national level
because this would require long-term studies among
large cohorts of people (hundreds of thousands), involving
high costs and challenging logistics. Notifications of
TB cases provide a good proxy indication of TB incidence
in countries that have both high-performance surveillance
systems (for example, there is little underreporting
of diagnosed cases) and where the quality of and access
to health care means that few cases are not diagnosed. In
the large number of countries where these criteria are not
yet met, better estimates of TB incidence can be obtained
from an inventory study (an inventory study is a survey to
quantify the level of underreporting).2 To date, such studies
have been undertaken in only a few countries: examples
include Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan and Yemen (see section
TB incidenceTB incidence has never been measured at national levelbecause this would require long-term studies amonglarge cohorts of people (hundreds of thousands), involvinghigh costs and challenging logistics. Notifications ofTB cases provide a good proxy indication of TB incidencein countries that have both high-performance surveillancesystems (for example, there is little underreportingof diagnosed cases) and where the quality of and accessto health care means that few cases are not diagnosed. Inthe large number of countries where these criteria are notyet met, better estimates of TB incidence can be obtainedfrom an inventory study (an inventory study is a survey toquantify the level of underreporting).2 To date, such studieshave been undertaken in only a few countries: examplesinclude Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan and Yemen (see section
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