On the supply side, EV technologies enabling major reduction in
emissions are already well known and are being actively developed.
However, environmental innovation vehicle production is still small
scale, relative to conventional motor vehicles with Budd-type pressed
steel bodies and internal combustion engines with mechanical transmission
(Whitmarsh & Kohler, 2010). This lock-in effect, regarding internal
combustion technology, was already identified in the 1990s
(Cowan & Hulten, 1996). Addressing primarily this effect, governing
bodies at the international and national levels, accelerated public
funded programs both in support for fundamental and applied research
in battery and propulsion technologies as well as for infrastructure and
demonstration projects. Some funding programs were in the form public
private partnerships, such as the European Green Car Initiative in the
frame of the European Commission (2008) or the European Industrial
Initiative on Electricity Grids as part of the European Commission
(2009)
On the supply side, EV technologies enabling major reduction inemissions are already well known and are being actively developed.However, environmental innovation vehicle production is still smallscale, relative to conventional motor vehicles with Budd-type pressedsteel bodies and internal combustion engines with mechanical transmission(Whitmarsh & Kohler, 2010). This lock-in effect, regarding internalcombustion technology, was already identified in the 1990s(Cowan & Hulten, 1996). Addressing primarily this effect, governingbodies at the international and national levels, accelerated publicfunded programs both in support for fundamental and applied researchin battery and propulsion technologies as well as for infrastructure anddemonstration projects. Some funding programs were in the form publicprivate partnerships, such as the European Green Car Initiative in theframe of the European Commission (2008) or the European IndustrialInitiative on Electricity Grids as part of the European Commission(2009)
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