G. Affective-humanistic Approach
This approach which emphasizes respect for the individual (each student, the teacher) and for his or her feelings,
emerged as a reaction to the Audiolingualism and Cognitive Approach that lacked the affective consideration
(Celce-Murcia, 2001). In this approach, learning a foreign language is viewed as a self-realization process. Much of the
instruction involves pair-work and group-work; peer support and interaction are viewed as necessary for learning.
A teaching method which can be illustrative of this approach is Lozanov's Suggestopedia (1978). In this method, the
memorization of vocabulary pairs, in which a target word is followed by its native translation, is emphasized. In this
method, lexis is emphasized and lexical translation is emphasized more than contextualization and claims about the
success of the method often focus on the large number of words that can be acquired (Larsen-Freeman, 2000).
Another teaching method which is the result of the influence of Roger's humanistic psychology and like this
approach advises teachers to consider their students as "whole persons" is Curran's Community Language Learning
(1976). This method is most often used in the teaching of oral proficiency. It does not use a conventional language
syllabus which determine in advance the grammar and vocabulary to be taught, but learners nominate the things they
wish to talk about. Particular grammar points, pronunciation patterns, and vocabulary are worked with, based on the
language the students have generated (Larsen-Freeman, 2000).