Osgood and Anderson(2004), for example, tested whether the individual-level perspective advanced by Qsgood et al d 96) could be used to account for aggregate levet variation They attempted to integrate routine activities with social disorganization theory by examining whether communities where a large proportion of youth spend much of their time in unstructured and unsupervised activities have higher levels of adolescent delinquency The subjects of the study were over 4,000 eighth grade students at schools where a school-based gang prevention program bad been implemented The measure of interest was an item which asked"In an average week how many hours do you spend hanging around with your current friends, not doing anything in particular, where no adults are present? (Osgood and Andenson 2004 530). Questions were also asked concerning to what extent the respondent's parents know what he or she is doing. where, and with whom other explanatory variables included the school environment, commitment to school success attachment to parents, impulsivity. risk taking and various demographic characteristics, thus allowing for a comparison of routine activities against both social control and self control theories. The research supported the hypothesis the higher the aggregate rates of unstructured socializing. the greatet the opportunity for all teenagers in that group. Using a different level of analysis(the face block one side of a city block, but including locations on both sides of the street) Rice and Smith(2002) proposed to integrate routine activities and social disorganization thenties as a means 1o explain the spatial distribution of auto theft Social disorganization concepts were