Hofstede (1980) argues that there are four dimensions of national culture: low vs. high
Power Distance; individualism vs. collectivism; masculinity vs. femininity; and
uncertainty avoidance. Before long, the fifth dimension is found by Harris Bond,
which was called Confucian dynamism (Bond & Hofstede, 1988). Subsequently,
Hofstede takes it into his framework in terms of long vs. short term orientation.