a) Remove accumulation of contamination by periodic cleaning.
b) Minimize accumulation of contamination on the insulator surface with the use of aerodynamic profiles.
c) Increasing insulator length (BIL) leakage distance by increasing length or by using extra high leakage design units.
d) Keep a large area of the insulator dry for a long time during natural wetting either by the use of resistive glaze or the use of a fog bowl design, which has a profile that is difficult to wet the underskirt area.
e) Use of creepage extenders, which also prevent cascading of water droplets and hence provide a better utilization of leakage or creepage distance.
f) Prevent water filming on the insulator surface by coating insulators with water-repellent compounds (e.g., grease, RTV silicone rubber).