3.2 Questionnaire Development and Variable Measurement
We developed a questionnaire to measure all constructs with multiple-item scales. Each of these variables was measured by a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 to 5, where 1 is very strongly disagree and 5 is very strong agree. Most measurements of dependent variables, independent variables, moderating variables and control variable were derived from literatures and described as below. Audit performance is measured by four items adapted with some modification from Brocheler et al. (2004) which rarely considered explicitly of audit efficiency and effectiveness to higher auditor’s reputation. Audit judgment was measured by four items adapted with some modification from Solomon and Shields (1995) and Trotman and Solomon (2003) which focuses on the criteria of consensus, consistency, and selfinsight. Audit quality was measured by four items adapted with some modifications from Watkins et al. (2004). This construct was developed by focusing on the product of audit quality: information credibility (enhance the credibility of financial statement) and information quality (improving fineness, reducing noise and reducing bias).