The optimum process condition is produce bio-oil from palm shell was determined using central composite design in RSM.
Mathematical model equations were built using sets of experimental data and ANOVA.
The N2 flow rate was found as the most significant factor in optimization of bio-oil production.
The reaction time and interaction between the temperature and particle size are not significant factors.
The optimum point achieved at temperature of 500 C with a particle size of 1.7 < dp < 2 mm, a reaction time of 60 min and a nitrogen flow rate of 2 L/min.
Various organic compounds of carbon (C3, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9) contained in the bio-oil, which dominated by oxygenated aromatic (ArO).
From FT-IR analysis it can be concluded that, the bio-oil composition is dominated by oxygenated species and the bio-oil has a low pH (2.5), high-water content (53 wt %) and high oxygen content (71.40 wt %).