Structure of Kougelhopf samples obtained by frozen sweet doughs was influenced by freezing and thawing steps, as shown
in hardness results in Fig. 4. The hardness of Kougelhopf (SY frozen sweet dough) increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 37%, 53% and 67% for 20, 30, 40 C and liquid nitrogen, respectively compared to fresh Kougelhopf (SY fresh sweet dough) but no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for Kougelhopf hardness obtained by DY sweet dough frozen at slow freezing rate only liquid nitrogen led to hardness increase compared to air blast freezing