7. Subacute Model
7.1. Carrageenan-Induced Granuloma Pouch Model [104].
Carrageenan-induced granuloma pouch model is an excellent
subacute inflammatory model in which fluid extravasations,
leukocyte migration, and various biochemical exudates
involved in inflammatory response can be detected readily.
The air pouch has the advantage of supplying a suitable space
for the induction of inflammatory responses. The injection
of irritants such as carrageenan into subcutaneous air pouch
on the dorsal surface of rats initiates an inflammatory
process. Procedure. The animals used in this method are
rats divided into five groups (n = 6), fasted overnight, and
allowed free access to water. The animals are administered
with vehicle, standard drug, and test drug. One hour after
dosing, the back of the animal is shaved and disinfected. With
a very thin needle, subcutaneous dorsal granuloma pouch
is made in ether anaesthetized rats by injecting 6 mL of air,
followed by injection of 4 mL of 2% carrageenan in normal
saline to avoid any leakage of air and the treatment continued
for seven consecutive days. On day 8, the pouch is opened
under anesthesia and the amount of exudates was collected
with a syringe. The average volume of exudates, total WBC
count, and weights of granuloma is determined.
7.2. Formalin-Induced Paw Edema [105]. This model is based
upon the ability of test drug to inhibit the edema produced
in the hind paw of the mice after injection of formalin. The
nociceptive effect of formalin is biphasic, an early neurogenic
component followed by a later tissue-mediated response.
In the first phase, there is release of histamine, 5-HT, and
kinin, while the second phase is related to the release of
prostaglandins. Procedure. The animals are divided into three
groups (n = 6), and inflammation is produced by subplantar
injection of 20 mL of freshly prepared 2% formalin in
the right hind paw. The paw thickness is measured by
Plethysmometrically 1 h before and after formalin injection.
The drug treatment is continued for 6 consecutive days.
The increase in paw thickness and percentage inhibition are
calculated and compared with control group.
7. Subacute Model7.1. Carrageenan-Induced Granuloma Pouch Model [104].Carrageenan-induced granuloma pouch model is an excellentsubacute inflammatory model in which fluid extravasations,leukocyte migration, and various biochemical exudatesinvolved in inflammatory response can be detected readily.The air pouch has the advantage of supplying a suitable spacefor the induction of inflammatory responses. The injectionof irritants such as carrageenan into subcutaneous air pouchon the dorsal surface of rats initiates an inflammatoryprocess. Procedure. The animals used in this method arerats divided into five groups (n = 6), fasted overnight, andallowed free access to water. The animals are administeredwith vehicle, standard drug, and test drug. One hour afterdosing, the back of the animal is shaved and disinfected. Witha very thin needle, subcutaneous dorsal granuloma pouchis made in ether anaesthetized rats by injecting 6 mL of air,followed by injection of 4 mL of 2% carrageenan in normalsaline to avoid any leakage of air and the treatment continuedfor seven consecutive days. On day 8, the pouch is openedunder anesthesia and the amount of exudates was collectedwith a syringe. The average volume of exudates, total WBCcount, and weights of granuloma is determined.7.2. Formalin-Induced Paw Edema [105]. This model is basedupon the ability of test drug to inhibit the edema producedin the hind paw of the mice after injection of formalin. Thenociceptive effect of formalin is biphasic, an early neurogeniccomponent followed by a later tissue-mediated response.In the first phase, there is release of histamine, 5-HT, andkinin, while the second phase is related to the release ofprostaglandins. Procedure. The animals are divided into threegroups (n = 6), and inflammation is produced by subplantarinjection of 20 mL of freshly prepared 2% formalin inthe right hind paw. The paw thickness is measured byPlethysmometrically 1 h before and after formalin injection.The drug treatment is continued for 6 consecutive days.The increase in paw thickness and percentage inhibition arecalculated and compared with control group.
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