1.3 The International-Dependence Revolution: Radical/Marxist Model
•The intellectual foundation of this paradigm was rooted in the ideas of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and other Marxist thinkers.
•Marx and Engels believed that the process of social change was not gradual and evolutionary, as assumed by the Modernization Theory. Instead, it was characterized by conflict of interests between classes in society, or in other words, class struggle. The Marxists saw class struggle as the engine of social change and development.
•The Marxists argued that imperialism, rather than being a benign (ใจดี, เป็นประโยชน์) political outgrowth of European civilization (as argued by the Modernization Theorists), was an exploitative system of economic, social and political relations.