Interlocking nails are indicated for fractures of the diaphysis of the humerus, tibia, and femur . Simple and comminuted fractures can be repaired using ILN technology. Interlocking nails can be used for treatment of fracture nonunions but attention must be given to other aspects of fracture nonunion management such as debridement of fibrous tissue and cancellous bone grafting. The use of ILN fixation for treatment of open or infected fractures is somewhat controversial but if other aspects of open fracture management, eg debridement, bacterial culturing, and antibiotic therapy are addressed, ILN fixation can be used effectively. On the other hand, ILN fixation should be avoided if a fracture is grossly infected and cannot be converted into a healthy wound prior to fracture stabilization, if a segmental fracture pattern is present, or if there is significant vascular and/or soft tissue injury. Such fractures are better treated with external fixation as the definitive method of stabilization.