Resuspending of 1 g of each treatment was performed into 9 mL of physiological solution (0.2 M phosphate buffer NaH2PO4, pH 8.0), and the mixture was homogenised with high-speed homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax, Model T25- S1; Ika-Werke, Staufen, Germany) for 45 s at 20 000 rpm and disrupted mechanically in a blender for 20 min at 4 °C to allow release of probiotic cells from the microcapsules as suggested by Kailasapathy (2006) and Pavunc et al. (2011).