Substitution of processes.
- mechanical ejectors for pneumatic ejectors;
- hot for cold working;
- pressing for rolling or forging;
- welding or squeeze rivetting for impact rivetting;
- welding for rivetting;
- use cutting fluid in machining processes;
- change from impact action (e.g. hammering a metal bar) to progressive pressure action
(e.g. bending metal bar with pliers as shown in Figure 10.3, or increase of time during
which a force is applied, as shown in Figure 10.4);
- replace circular saw blades with damped blades (see Figure 10.9);
- replace mechanical limit stops with micro-switches.