Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 (SPSS, Inc.,
Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive analyses, including measures
of central tendency (mean, standard deviations, and
range) and frequencies (for categorical variables), were
conducted for all demographic and outcome variables. A
chi-squared analysis determined the demographic difference
between the two groups. Each HPLP-S was treated
as ordinal level data, on which we used non-parametric
statistics, including descriptive analysis and the Mann–
Whitney U-test. Finally, we used the mean of the HPLP-S
scores as the main outcome variables, with or without the
DEP as the independent variable. Stepwise regression
analysis was then employed to explore possible predictors
of health promotion lifestyle. A two-sided P-value of less
than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.