The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.00 mL min− 1 and the injection volume was set to 10 μl. In the HPLC/ICPMS/ESMS setup, the HPLC flow (1.0 mL min− 1) was split 1:10 with a QuickSplit™ adjustable flow splitter (Analytical Scientific Instruments, Richmond, CA, USA).