Emperor penguins need lungs to breathe. In penguin lungs, air never stops. The penguin's respiratory system is unlike the human's. Humans inhale and exhale with their two lungs, but penguins have additional organs called air sacs. Air enters the penguin "nostrils" and mouth. Air has to go to the trachea (tube in invertebrate animals where air is pulled into the penguin body by the "pumping actions of the abdominal muscles). The emperor penguin trachea is made of muscles, tissues and mucous tissues like the one of a human. Penguins have a respiratory epithelium which is a "thin layer of tightly packed cells lining internal cavities, ducts and organs of the penguin". Once the air goes farther into the trachea it splits into two different directions into both lungs. To get the oxygen into the blood cells, it must come "within small distance of the penguin blood cells". The air then has to enter the para bronchus (which is a certain type of lung tissue that isn't found in any mammal because air constantly cycles around the penguin's lungs). Then carbon dioxide leaves the blood and goes into the "airspace of the para bronchus".
But the intestines are similar. The penguin intestine helps digest the food and it is covered by structures called villi. Every week the cell covering the villi is renewed. Absorptive cells take the proteins, sugars, minerals and liquids from the food that the penguins eat and they are brought to the cells throughout the penguin.
The penguins circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessel, which go around the penguin, keeping the temperature at the right number. Emperor penguins have a four chambered heart, holding oxygenated and de-oxygenated cells. Penguins tend to actually have larger hearts than mammals to meet the "high metabolic demands of swimming". Birds tend to pump more blood than mammals too.
Emperor penguins need lungs to breathe. In penguin lungs, air never stops. The penguin's respiratory system is unlike the human's. Humans inhale and exhale with their two lungs, but penguins have additional organs called air sacs. Air enters the penguin "nostrils" and mouth. Air has to go to the trachea (tube in invertebrate animals where air is pulled into the penguin body by the "pumping actions of the abdominal muscles). The emperor penguin trachea is made of muscles, tissues and mucous tissues like the one of a human. Penguins have a respiratory epithelium which is a "thin layer of tightly packed cells lining internal cavities, ducts and organs of the penguin". Once the air goes farther into the trachea it splits into two different directions into both lungs. To get the oxygen into the blood cells, it must come "within small distance of the penguin blood cells". The air then has to enter the para bronchus (which is a certain type of lung tissue that isn't found in any mammal because air constantly cycles around the penguin's lungs). Then carbon dioxide leaves the blood and goes into the "airspace of the para bronchus". But the intestines are similar. The penguin intestine helps digest the food and it is covered by structures called villi. Every week the cell covering the villi is renewed. Absorptive cells take the proteins, sugars, minerals and liquids from the food that the penguins eat and they are brought to the cells throughout the penguin. The penguins circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessel, which go around the penguin, keeping the temperature at the right number. Emperor penguins have a four chambered heart, holding oxygenated and de-oxygenated cells. Penguins tend to actually have larger hearts than mammals to meet the "high metabolic demands of swimming". Birds tend to pump more blood than mammals too.
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