(1) Total proteins
Serum protein is involved in the maintenance of the normal distribution of water between blood and tissues. The serum proteins vary independently and widely depending on the disease present. A low protein level is primarily caused by malnutrition, impaired synthesis, loss (for example, by hemorrhage), or excessive protein catabolism. Elevated protein levels are caused mainly by dehydration. Protein levels were measured using commercial reagent kits (AGAPPE Diagnostics, Kerala, India) [30, 31].