As shown in Fig. 1, this part is the data preparation of each route for the DSS. It consists of feasible routes for origin and destination, cost, time and risk associated with each route. They are found by collecting data from the experts and LSP firms who have information covering the quantitative and qualitative factors in transporting goods (cost, time and feasible route).
Cost and time are found by a multimodal transport cost- model. The data are obtained from SMEs exporters, LSPs and shipping companies about cost and time. The cost of each feasible route is the sum of cost of transport, cost of transfer mode, freight/document-handling charged and other fees in routes. The time of each route consists of transporting time, time of transfer mode, border crossings, ports and inland terminals and delays occurring along the transportation route.
In this research, the multimodal transportation risk analysis consists of risk identification and risk assessment phases as shown in Fig. 2. Risk identification uses factor analysis for grouping the risk from previous research and information from the LSPs interviews. Ko (2009) and Donner (2008) suggest that the decision criteria in multimodal transportation should be cost,