Graphic display of classroom interaction
Wragg tried to make the Flanders system more suitable for analysing the foreign language classroom simply by doubling the number of categories, resulting in a twenty-category system: 'Categories 11 to 20 are the same as Flanders 1 to 10 but are used when interactions occur in the foreign language' (Wragg, 1974:100).
The flint system (moskowitz,1971)
The acronym 'FLint' stands for 'Foreign Language Interaction' analysis and was devised by Gertrude Moskowitz, as an aid to foreign language teachers for self-observation. It is a more complex system than FIAC, and Moskowitz recommends that teachers should master FIAC first (Moskowitz,1971:214)
The functions of the extra categories in FLint are to record
1. Whether the teacher uses jokes
2. Whether the teacher uses a response verbatim
3. Whether the teacher corrects 'without rejection' (i.e. without blaming the pupil)
4. Whether the teacher directs pattern drills
5. Whether the student response is individual or choral
6. Whether a period of silence is related to the use of audio-visual equipment or not
7. Whether 'confusion' (FLAC's category 10) is work-oriented or not
8. Whether there is laughter or not
Fuethermore, there are two 'subscripts' (i.e. small letters put at the bottom of the category numbers) which tell us:
1. Whether the interaction was in the target language or in the native language
2. Whether there is evidence of non-verbal gestures or facial expressions the use of words (in which case the small letter n for NON-VERBAL is added to the category number)
It will be seen that some of Moskowitz's extra categories reflect matters of interest to all teachers; other might be said to reflect a particular methodology (the concern with audio-visual aids and with choral response); and other (e.g. categories concerning jokes, correction without rejection) might be related to the writer's particular interest in the affective atmosphere of foreign language classes (see Moskowitz, 1978).
Graphic display of classroom interactionWragg tried to make the Flanders system more suitable for analysing the foreign language classroom simply by doubling the number of categories, resulting in a twenty-category system: 'Categories 11 to 20 are the same as Flanders 1 to 10 but are used when interactions occur in the foreign language' (Wragg, 1974:100).The flint system (moskowitz,1971)The acronym 'FLint' stands for 'Foreign Language Interaction' analysis and was devised by Gertrude Moskowitz, as an aid to foreign language teachers for self-observation. It is a more complex system than FIAC, and Moskowitz recommends that teachers should master FIAC first (Moskowitz,1971:214)The functions of the extra categories in FLint are to record1. Whether the teacher uses jokes2. Whether the teacher uses a response verbatim3. Whether the teacher corrects 'without rejection' (i.e. without blaming the pupil)4. Whether the teacher directs pattern drills5. Whether the student response is individual or choral6. Whether a period of silence is related to the use of audio-visual equipment or not7. Whether 'confusion' (FLAC's category 10) is work-oriented or not8. Whether there is laughter or notFuethermore, there are two 'subscripts' (i.e. small letters put at the bottom of the category numbers) which tell us:1. Whether the interaction was in the target language or in the native language2. Whether there is evidence of non-verbal gestures or facial expressions the use of words (in which case the small letter n for NON-VERBAL is added to the category number)It will be seen that some of Moskowitz's extra categories reflect matters of interest to all teachers; other might be said to reflect a particular methodology (the concern with audio-visual aids and with choral response); and other (e.g. categories concerning jokes, correction without rejection) might be related to the writer's particular interest in the affective atmosphere of foreign language classes (see Moskowitz, 1978).
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